Mikhail Gorbachev and the end of Communism

Perestroika is a Russian word that means restructuring, which means to the reform in the Soviet Union. Perestroika means a policy so that the Soviet Union could change the economic and political system.

Glasnost is a policy that when the Soviet Union discussed the economic and political problems of the country.

There was a man named Mikhail Gorbachev who opened Churches and allows books to be published that were normally band. He also allowed the people of the country to talk openly about ways to improve there homeland. This allowed the people to complain publicly about problems so the problem can be solved. Also he let managers have more control over there farmland and other belongings. He also allowed the people to choose from a list of people for the legislative body instead of being run by one single government. An improvement was made because of him because before the Communist society would have no say any thing and wouldn’t be listened to.

Collapse of Communism

Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe and the USSR basically because communism wasn’t being as effective for them. They began to run out of money and it just getting worse. People tore down the Berlin Wall because they were upset that they weren't able to go to the other side of Germany. It was completely blocked because East Germany believed in communism and West Germany did not. Well for 28 years, no one was able to cross the border. Those who attempted were shot and other harsh treatments. After the countries had their own independence, prices increase from shock remedy where the government doesn't involve with the economy. Therefore people started getting higher paying jobs. The end of communism in the Soviet Union helped the world to feel more relaxed because they wouldn't have to fear that they would attack those who weren't communists. They were no longer isolating themselves anymore. And now, the Soviet Union turned to republicans as a result.

Creation of Israel

Zionism is a Jewish movement, established in the late 19th century in the state of Israel. The conflict that occurred when Israel was created was that Israel was attacked the next day by the Arab states and Palestinians, and their neighboring countries. All of Israel's neighboring countries were their enemies. The Arab states and the Arabs of Palestine felt Israel should have been theirs. The Palestinians and Israelis do not get along because they both want the land. From time, Israel lost that land because there were many countries in history that took over the land. The Holy land was ruled by the Israelites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Romans, Persians, Muslims, Christian Crusaders, the Ottoman Empire, and the British. Well at first the land belonged to the Jewish but was conquered the year after year and Palestinians began to live there. Palestinians felt that God wants to have that land and the Jews felt the same. At the end the Palestinians lost the war of 1948 and still today feel very angry at the Jews for taking their land.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

From what I have read the term Apartheid means to separate and in this era, it means separating races from each other. It’s a racial term that existed in South Africa. Nelson Mandela was a fighter before he was chosen as South Africa's leader. He was a leader in an underground political movement called the African National Congress. He acted out many parts that were against the white-ruled government. But this didn't last long when he was sentenced to life in prison. While in prison he was determined to be type support of hope for his people who went on with their lives with the Apartheid while he was in prison. He was finally set free in 1990, being in prison for 27 years. The day of his release was the beginning of the end of the Apartheid and he was rewarded with the Nobel Prize and elected to be the President in South Africa. Mandela fought for unity and women rights and thanks to his courage and determination, Apartheid was forbidden. Mandela was admired by the author because he got the freedom for his people and country (South Africa).

Africa Independence

Africa changed increased a great deal in the 20 year period from 1955 to 1975. In 1955 Africa had very few independent countries. Many of Africa's countries were controlled by the colonies. In 1975 most of Africa was independent countries but there were three countries that were still controlled by the colonies. Some of the Leaders that helped Africa gain their independente was a man named Kwame Nkrumah. He returned to the Gold Coast and he helped stage strikes and riots against the government. Kwame Nkrumah became the first minister and later the President of Ghana. Another Leader that helped Africa get their independent was Jomo Kenyatta became the President of the new nation which was Kenya. Finally he united various ethnic and language groups in his country.

Neolithic Revolution

Hundreds of years ago the Neolithic Revolution was a major turning point in human history. Before the Neolithic era humans were know as nomads who traveled from place to place in order to survive. They went hunting and gather food for survival. But later on the people started too settled down in one place which was sometimes near rivers and they learn to grow crops and domesticate animals. This time period became known as the Neolithic Revolution. As they were settling down they created social classes, and discovered many new things. The Neolithic farmers created calendars to keep track of when to plant and harvest there food in order to maintain a stable life. Through out the years, if they continued to kill animals wherever they went, the extinction of species would taken place, which lead to starve and eventually led the end of human existence.

The European Nation

For a time period of time Europe was the scene of recurrent and bloody wars. France and Germany fought each other three times wit a lot of fatalities. Several European leaders became convinced that the only way to secure a lasting peace between their countries was to unite them economically and politically. Their last verdict was to make the European Union an alliance of 25 nations that has changed the face of Europe. This union has been successful since it has created a new superpower in the world. The European Union is now an economic and political superpower that competes with the USA. Well now this economic union was successful and grew into other economic unions. Now the EU has its own parliament, military, and various organizations and committees that help maintain cooperation and trade between the EU member nations. Now the same nations who used to fight and kill each other are now together economically, politically, socially, and militarily which basically means that the probability that this countries would want to start war is very tiny.